Effects of Vero Cells Co-culture System on The In Vitro Development of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Media with Different Composition of Glucose and Pyruvate / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vero cells co-culture system on the in vitro development of mouse preimplantation embryos in culture media with different composition of glucose and pyruvate. METHODS: Two-cell embryos were collected from 4-5 weeks old ICR mice. Seven hundreds twenty two embryos were cultured with or without vero cells monolayer in four media with different compositions that was manufactured by two DMEM media with (DMEM-GGP) or without (DMEM-G) glucose and pyruvate. In control, DMEM-G medium which is currently using for human embryo culture in our infertility clinic was used. Group I (DMEM-G(1/4)GP) was cultured in medium which was mixed three volume of DMEM-G and one volume of DMEM-GGP, and group II (DMEM-G(1/2)GP) was cultured in medium which was mixed same volume of DMEM-G and DMEM-GGP, and group III was cultured in DMEM-GGP. All media were added to 20% hFF. Results between different groups were analyzed using a Chi-square test, and considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05. RESULTS: The developmental rate into 3-cell

Establishment of Culture System for In Vitro Culture of Mouse Pre-antral Follicles: Effect on In Vitro Growth by Thecal-Stromal Cells in Culture Medium without Hormones / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: This present study was conducted to examine the effects on in vitro growth of pre-antral mouse follicles by thecal-stromal cells attached to around the follicular membrane in culture medium without hormones. METHODS: Pre-antral follicles (100-130 micro meter) used in our studies were isolated mechanically by fine 30 G needles attached to 1 ml insulin syringe from mice ovaries of 20-25 days old female ICR strain. Isolated pre-antral follicles were divided into three groups by attached status of thecal-stromal cell layers to follicular membrane. Follicular Initial diameters of group I was 112.5 (mean) +/- 6.2 (SD) micro meter (n=31), group II was 112.8 +/- 7.8 micro meter (n=23), and group III was 115.1 +/- 6.5 micro meter (n=27). Divided pre-antral follicles were washed in fresh Ham's F-10 medium and cultured in 20 micro liter droplets of DMEM with glutamine, glucose and pyruvate under mineral oil on the 60 mm culture dish. All experimental media were supplemented with 10% FBS without hormones. Media were exchanged wholly by fresh media every 2 days in culture. Diameters of intrafollicular oocytes and cultured pre-antral follicles were measured using an precalibrated cross ocular micrometer at X200 every day during 6 days in vitro culture. Results were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05 using Student's t-test. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of initial diameters of pre-antral follicles was 113.5 +/- 2.2 micro meter in three groups. Follicular growth rate of group III was significantly (p<0.05) higher in whole culture periods than group I and group II. Rate of follicular growth between group I and group II were not significant difference in culture for 1 to 3 days. However, group II was significantly higher than group I in culture for 4 days. Diameters of grown follicles for 6 days was 155.2 +/- 18.7 micro meter, 196.9 +/- 24.1 micro meter and 284.2 +/- 47.6 micro meter in group I, group II and group III, respectively. Growth rate of intrafollicular oocytes between three groups were not difference and revealed to continuous growth patterns in whole culture periods. Follicular diameter after culture for 7 days were not measured because of disruption of follicular structure or outgrowth of granulosa cells. CONCLUSION: Pre-antral follicles were grown very well in DMEM medium without hormones. Thecal- stromal cells attached to the surface of follicular membrane has acted effectively in vitro growth of follicles.

The Influences of Different Composition of Glucose and Pyruvate on In Vitro Development of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Medium with Glutamine / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on in vitro development of early preimplantation mouse embryos in DMEM medium with glutamine which was controlled by different composition of glucose and pyruvate. METHODS: Four hundred and nineteen mouse 2-cell embryos were cultured in four different media with different composition of glucose and pyruvate for 96 hours. The DMEM-G contained L-glutamine for energy sources was used for control group. Group I embryos were cultured in the medium that mixed one volume of DMEM-GGP contained L-glutamine, D-glucose and sodium pyruvate for energy sources with three volume of DMEM-G, and group II embryos were cultured in the medium that mixed with same volume of DMEM-G and DMEM-GGP, and group III embryos were cultured in DMEM-GGP. RESULTS: At 24 hours, the development into >or=3-cell was significantly higher (por=8-cell was significantly higher in group I (73.1%) than control (44.2%), group II (59.6%) and III (45.8%), and also group II was significantly higher than control and group III. At 48 hours, the development into >or=morula was significantly higher in group I (90.4%) and II (86.5%) than control (73.0%). However, the development into blastocyst, in group III (15.0%) was significantly lower than control, group I and II. At 72 hours, the development into >or=expanded blastocyst was significantly higher in group I (69.2%) than group III (47.7%), and total blastocyst was significantly higher in group I (80.8%) than control (66.3%) and group III (67.3%). At 96 hours, the development into >or=hatching blastocyst was significantly higher in group I (78.8%) than control (61.5%) and group III (57.9%), and also, total blastocyst was significantly higher in group I (85.6%) than control (69.2%) and group III (72.0%). CONCLUSION: The development of early preimplantation mouse embryos cultured in group I medium that mixed one volume of DMEM-GGP with three volume of DMEM-G was better than other groups during the culture period.

What is the risk factor of preeclampsia?: Hospital-based case-control study / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To assess several variables that are known as the risk factor of preeclampsia. METHODS: We have studied with 279 pregnant women who were diagnosed with preeclampsia and went through delivery in Chungnam University from January, 1998 to December, 2002. For control group, we chose 364 non-hypertensive pregnant women who went through delivery from January, 2002 to December, 2002 through random process. Through reviewing each patient's chart, we collected data regarding age, parity, past medical history, past obstetric history, family history, presence of gestational diabetes, height, body weight, before and at the time of delivery, delivery mode and neonatal outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using x2-test, Student t-test. A value of p below 0.05 was considered to show statistical significance. RESULTS: During the study period, 298 women had preeclampsia so that the incidence of preeclampsia was 6.0%. Age and past medical history were not related to preeclampsia. The primiparous women in this study are likely to show a higher incidence of preclampsia (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.16-1.5, p=0.017). In addition, women whose BMI are ranged from 25.0 kg/m2 to 30.0 kg/m2 (p=0.027), and ranged from 30.0 kg/m2 to 40.0 kg/m2 (p=0.027) had a higher incidence of preeclampsia. By using a multiple logistic regression analysis about the BMI changes, we found out that there was a higher rate of preeclmapsia among pregnant women with over 7.11 kg/m2 BMI increasement compared with BMZ before pregnancy (OR=2.97, 95% CI 2.22-3.99, por=25.0 kg/m2, previous preeclampsia, family history of chronic hypertension, twin gestation showed an increased risk of preeclampsia.

Placental apoptotic change in 2nd trimester and full-term of normal pregnancies / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The study aims were to demonstrate apoptosis in the placenta of normal pregnancy, and to identify its change and quantify its incidence by gestational age. METHODS: Placenta samples were collected from 25 normal full-term pregnancies and 20 second trimester pregnancies undergoing termination due to medical and social reasons. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) staining were used to quantify the incidence of apoptosis and the electron microscopy was used to confirm it. Mann-Whitney U test and ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 1. Apoptosis was demonstrated by variable cytopathologic methods, and especially TUNEL staining and electron microscopy are found to be confirmatory methods. 2. In TUNEL staining, quantification of apoptosis was as follows: 2nd trimester (n=20) 1.05+/-0.69, full- term (n=25) 1.92+/-1.00. The incidence of apoptosis was significantly higher in full-term than in 2nd trimester (p0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). 4. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of apoptosis by maternal age, parity, cause of termination during 2nd trimester, and mode of delivery in each group. 5. In the electron microscopy, apoptotic cells were observed to have membrane blebbing, loss of microvilli, chromatin condensation and localization in the border of nuclear membrane, and cell shrinkage and increase in granularity. This method was conformatory in identifying apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Placental apoptosis increased significantly with increased gestational age, and this result suggests that it may play a role in the normal development and aging of the placenta.

Study on Development of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Culture Media with Different Composition of Energy Sources / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the effect on development of mouse preimplantation embryos in culture media with different composition of energy sources in vitro culture. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy one two-cell embryos were cultured in four different culture system for 96 hours. Group I (n=61) was cultured in DMEM-G (DMEM with glutamine) only, groupII (n=64) was cultured in DMEM-GGP (DMEM with glutamine, glucose and pyruvate) only, group III (n=72) was cultured for 48 hours in DMEM-G and then transferred to DMEM-GGP and group IV (n=74) was cultured for 48 hours in DMEM-GGP and then transferred to DMEM-G. Development of embryos in each group was observed every 24 hours. RESULTS: After 24 hours, the rate of development > or = 3-cell was significantly higher in groupII (87.5%) and IV (86.5%) compared with group I (59.0%) and III (62.5%). After 48 hours, the rate of development into > or = morula stage was significantly higher in GroupII (79.7%) and IV (86.5%) compared with group I (34.4%) and III (37.5%). After 72 hours, the rate of development into blastocyst was significantly higher in group IV (74.3%) compared with group I (49.2%) and III (45.8%). After 96 hours, the rate of development into > or = expanded blastocyst was significantly higher in group IV (70.3%) compared with group I (32.8%),II (53.1%), and group III (40.3%). CONCLUSION: Mouse preimplantation embryos development was the most effective in culture system with DMEM-GGP for 48 hours and then transferred to DMEM-G.

Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy using Modified Bae's Uterine Elevator / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecological operations. The objective of this study was to introduce a new uterine elevator for total laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: Bae's uterine elevator was modified for laparoscopic hysterectomy. Modified Bae's uterine elevator was 5 cm longer than original one and handle was modified to vertical position and stopper, silicon tube and silicon adapter for colpotomizer was installed on the shaft. Three hundred and fifty seven cases of total laparoscopic hysterectomies using modified Bae's uterine elevator were performed from Jan 1999 to Jun 2000. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 41.8, operation time was 48.3 minutes and uterine weight was 245.5 gm. Leiomyoma was the most common cause of hysterectomies (70.9%), and followed by adenomyosis (16.2%), endometriosis (7.6%). There were no major operative complications such as vascular, bladder, ureter or intestinal injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Three hundred and fifty seven cases of total laparoscopic hysterectomies using modified Bae's uterine elevator were performed successfully without any major complications. Modified Bae's uterine elevator was very convenient for uterine manipulation during total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Surgical Management of Ovarian tumors in Pregnancy: Laparoscopy versus Laparotomy / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compare with laparotomy in the surgical management of adnexal tumors during pregnancy. METHODS: Operating time, hospital stays, complications and pregnancy outcome were analyzed in 18 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery and 30 patients who underwent laparotomy due to adnexal tumors discovered during pregnancy at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1993 to June 2000. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 27.1 years and mean gestational age was not significantly different between the two groups. Tumor size was larger in laparotomy group (8.4 vs 6.4 cm in diameter). Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was most common operative procedures and cystic teratoma was most common histologic findings in both groups. Operating time was not significantly different between the two groups. Blood loss (43.2 vs 18.3 mL) and hospital stay (7.1 vs 5.7 days) was significantly less in laparscopy group. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery may be an effective treatment of adnexal tumors during pregnancy.

The treatment of cervical pregnancy in Korean / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to find out current state of conservative treatment modalities for cervical pregnancies in korean. METHOD: 64 cases of cervical pregnancies reported by the joining of The Korean Society of Obstetrics & Gynecology from 1960 to 2000 and the 10 cases at Chungnam National University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The average age of the 74 cases was 31.7+/-6.6 years, and the average gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 8.3+/-3.4 weeks. The average duration of hospitalization was 8.2+/-4.8 days. Most (67/74) of the patients had previously experienced delivery or abortion. Out of the 74 cases, 36 had total hysterectomy; 4 cases had curettage; 12 were used only methotrexate; 11 had combined curettage and methotrexate; 10 cases had Foley catheter ballooning after curettage. From the 1960's to the end of 1980's, 33 (84.6%) cases out of 39 were performed hysterectomy. Whereas mainly conservative methods, in particular methotrexate treatment, were performed in the 1990's. Among the conservative modalities, Foley catheter ballooning after curettage had the shortest length of hospitalization with 4.3 days. CONCLUSION: After comparing the conservative methods for treating cervical pregnancies, it was found that methotrexate treatment was performed the most; however, Foley catheter ballooning after curettage seems to be an excellent treatment option.

Presence of E - cadherin in Placenta and Fetal Membrane / 대한주산의학회잡지

No abstract available.

A Comparative Study of Laparoscopy and Laparotomy for the Management of Ovarian Dermoid Cyst / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare laparoscopic surgery with laparotomy for surgical management of ovarian dermoid cysts. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen patients were managed with laparoscopy and eighty two patients were managed with laparotomy. Two groups were compaired for age, marrital status, parity, tumor size, operation type, previous surgery, operating time, blood loss, pre-, and postoperative hemoglobin change, hospital stay, complications and recurrences. RESULTS: Unilateral slapingo-oophorectomy was the most common type of operation in either group. Between twenty one and thirty was the most common age in either group and para 0 in laparoscopy and para 2 in laparotomy group was the most common. Unilateral ovarian cystectomy was significantly more common for para 0 in laparoscopy group (p=0.035). Number of singles were significantly higher in laparoscopy group (p=0.046). Tumor size was significantly larger in laparotomy group (6.1 vs 7.8 cm). Operating time was shorter for unilateral ovarian cystectomy in laparoscopy group. Blood loss, pre-, and postoperative hemoglobin change, hospital stay was significantly less in laparoscopy group. Febrile morbidity was higher in laparotomy group (p<0.001). However no major complications were noted in either group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that operative laparoscopy has many advantages in the management of ovarian dermoid cysts. However tumor size was a relative limitations for laparoscopy compaired with laparotomy.

Clinical Study on Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Patients / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to review the distribution and treatment of gynecologic disease in pediatric and adolescent patients. METHODS: Two hundred forty-four pediatric and adolescent patients were evaluated clinically, who were admitted to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital from Jan. 1989 to Sep. 1999. RESULTS: The most common disorder was ovarian tumors(43.0%) including 78.1% of neoplastic diseases and 21.9% of nonneoplastic diseases, and followed by pregnancy-associated disorders(20.5%), infectious disorders(11.5%), congenital abnormalities(9.8%), traumas(7.4%) and miscellaneous(7.8%). Pregnancy asso ciated disorders include abortion(42%), gestational trophoblastic disease(30.0%), and ectopic pregnancy(28%). Infectious disorders include acute pelvic inflammatory disease(53.6%), hydrosalpinx(21.4%), condyloma accuminata(10.7%) and tuberculous salpingitis(3.5%). Congenital abnormalities include congenital uterine anomalies(41.7%), imperforate hymen(20.8%), male hermaphroditism(12.5%), female hermaphroditism(8.3%), pure gonadal dysgenesis(8.3%) and mixed gonadal dysgenesis(8.3%). Traumas include vulvar laceration (33.3%), vulvar hematoma(33.3%), and vaginal wall laceration(33.3%). CONCLUSION: We analyzed two hundred forty-four pediatric and adolescent patients who were admitted to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital from Jan. 1989 to Sep. 1999. The most common disorder was ovarian tumors(43.0%) and followed by pregnancy-associated disorders (20.5%), infectious disorders(11.5%), congenital abnormalities(9.8%), traumas(7.4%) and miscellaneous(7.8%).

Study on Repairing Method of Vaginal Cuff in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecological operations. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of suturing methods of vaginal cuff between laparoscopic and vaginal approach. METHODS: One hundred and sixty one cases of laparoscopic hysterectomy were devided into two groups. In group A(n=67), vaginal cuff was sutured by laparoscopic suture technique and in group B(n=94), vaginal cuff was repaired by vaginal approach. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in uterine weight, hospital stay, pre-and postoperative hemoglobin level and complications including febrile morbidity in two groups. Operation time was significantly shorter in group B(p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Transvaginal repair of vaginal cuff showed shorter duration of operation time than laparoscopic suture technique in total laparoscopichy sterectomy.

Presence of E-cadherin in Cultured Amnionic Cells / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVES: Cell adhesion molecules may play a role in integrating amnionic membrane. The objective of this study was to prove E-cadherin mRNA and proteins in cultured human amnionic cells. METHODS: We cultured amnionic cells from 4 women undergoing cesarean section without labor. E-cadherin was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western ligend blotting. To demonstrate E-cadherin mRNA, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed. RESULTS: On immunohistochemistry, E-cadherin was abundantly showed on the cytoplasm of the cells. Western ligend blotting showed clear 120 kDa bands on four specimens, and relatively weak band on one specimen. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed 432 BP bands. CONCLUSION: We proved E-cadherin and its mRNA by immunohistochemistry, Western ligend blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in cultured human amnionic cells.

New Cervicography in the Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer / 대한부인종양콜포스코피학회잡지

New Cervicography, a Pap smear adjunct test, is an innovative cervical cancer surveillance system. It is a relatively new technique in which a photograph of the cervix is obtained without the aid of colposcope after application of 5% acetic acid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of New Cervicography in diagnosis of cervical cancer. Pap smear and cervicogram data were obtained from 143 patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital from September 1996 to May 1997. Histologic specimens were obtained from patients in whom abnormalities were detected by either Pap smear or cervicogram. Specimens were taken either by colposcopically directed biopsy or large loop excision af the transformation zone. (continue)

Electron Microscopic Study of Cervical Carcinoma Tumor Cells after Chemotherapy / 대한부인종양콜포스코피학회잡지

Our aim was to identify histologic changes in cervical carcinoma tumor cells due to chemotherapy,by electron microscopic examination. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were used between March 1, 1994 and February 28, 1995 on a total of 16 patients. The treatment schedule consisted of 75 mg/m2 cisplatin via iv with hyperhydration on Day 1, in combination with 1000 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil via continuous iv on Day 1 to 5. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks with a maxinum of 3 courses. Ultrastructurally, chemotherapy induced apoptosis,indicated by condensation of nucleus and cytoplasm,fragmentation of nuclei, and apoptotic bodies. Due to repeat chemotherapy, increased levels of desmosomes were noted and parts of tumor nests were replaced by mature squamous cells. Tumor nests were reduced in size, mitochondria exhibited swelling, the endoplasmic reticulum was dilated, and infiltration of inflammatory cells increased after chemotherapy. These results suggest that chemotherapy induces apoptosis and injury to the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumor cells. However, the exact selection mechanism of the biochemical pathway of cell death is not fuUy understood. Further study of the molecular biologic actions of cell death after chemotherapy is warranted.

Suitability of human amniotic fluid as a culture medium for human gamates / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Effect of platelet-activating factor(PAF) on murine ovulation, early embryo development and implantation / 대한불임학회지

No abstract available.